Second Quarter 2026 Results

Revenue:

• Total revenue for the quarter was $1,310 million, an increase of 15 percent (15 percent on a constant currency basis and 10 percent on an organic constant currency basis), compared with the second quarter of 2025.
   

Earnings:

• Net income attributable to TransUnion was $143 million for the quarter, compared with $110 million for the second quarter of 2025. Diluted earnings per share was $0.74, compared with $0.56 in the second quarter of 2025. Net income attributable to TransUnion margin was 10.9 percent, compared with 9.6 percent in the second quarter of 2025.
• Adjusted Net Income was $238 million for the quarter, compared with $213 million for the second quarter of 2025. Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share was $1.23, compared with $1.08 in the second quarter of 2025.
• Adjusted EBITDA was $456 million for the quarter, compared with $407 million for the second quarter of 2025, an increase of 12 percent (12 percent on a constant currency basis and 7 percent on an organic constant currency basis). Adjusted EBITDA margin was 34.8 percent, compared with 35.7 percent in the second quarter of 2025.
   

“TransUnion delivered another strong quarter of outperformance,” said Chris Cartwright, President and CEO. “U.S. Markets revenue grew by 11 percent, led by U.S. Financial Services and Emerging Verticals. International organic constant currency growth improved to 6 percent, with high-single digit growth in India and the U.K. and 10 percent growth in Canada.”

“We are raising our 2026 guidance, reflecting strong momentum in the first half of the year balanced against continued market uncertainty. We expect to deliver a third consecutive year of at least high-single digit organic constant currency revenue growth and double-digit Adjusted Diluted EPS growth.”

“We continue to execute against our 2026 enterprise priorities to drive innovation-led, scalable growth. We delivered key milestones in the first half of the year, including substantial migrations of our U.S. credit customers to OneTru and an accelerated pace of new product introductions globally. We believe this progress positions us for strong financial performance, free cash generation and shareholder returns in the second half of the year.”

Second Quarter 2026 Segment Results

Segment revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and the related growth rates in the table below include the results of Trans Union de México, S.A. S.I.C. (“Trans Union de Mexico”). The results of this business are reported in the International Segment within Latin America.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and cash equivalents was $839 million at June 30, 2026 and $854 million at December 31, 2025.

For the six months ended June 30, 2026, cash provided by operating activities was $459 million, compared with $344 million in 2025. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was due primarily to improved operating performance and changes in working capital. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, cash used in investing activities was $681 million, compared with $224 million in 2025. The increase in cash used in investing activities was due primarily to our acquisitions of Trans Union de Mexico and the mobile division of RealNetworks LLC (“RealNetworks”), partially offset by proceeds from the sale of two Cost Method Investments and a prior year investment in a note receivable. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, capital expenditures were $134 million, compared with $145 million in 2025. Capital expenditures as a percentage of revenue represented 5% and 7%, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, cash provided by financing activities was $220 million, compared with cash used in financing activities of $127 million in 2025. The increase in cash provided by financing activities was due primarily to borrowings from the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility for the purchase of Trans Union de Mexico, partially offset by higher share repurchase volume in 2026 and dividends paid to shareholders of Trans Union de Mexico.

Third Quarter and Full Year 2026 Outlook

Our guidance is based on a number of assumptions that are subject to change, many of which are outside of the control of the Company, including general macroeconomic conditions, interest rates and inflation. There are numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict. There can be no assurance that the Company will achieve the results expressed by this guidance.

1. Additional revenue growth assumptions:
   1. The impact of changing foreign currency exchange rates is expected to be immaterial for Q3 2026 and for FY 2026.
   2. The impact of the recent acquisitions is expected to be approximately 4.5 points of benefit for Q3 2026 and approximately 4 points of benefit for FY 2026.
   3. The impact of FICO mortgage royalty is expected to be approximately 2 points of benefit for Q3 2026 and approximately 3 points of benefit for FY 2026.
2. Constant currency growth rates assume foreign currency exchange rates are consistent between years. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
3. Organic constant currency growth rates are constant currency growth excluding inorganic growth. Inorganic growth represents growth attributable to the first twelve months of activity for recent business acquisitions, including Trans Union de Mexico, the mobile division of RealNetworks and Monevo.
4. Additional Adjusted EBITDA assumptions:
   1. The impact of changing foreign currency exchange rates is expected to be immaterial for Q3 2026 and for FY 2026.
5. For a reconciliation of the above non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, refer to Schedule 7 of this Earnings Release.
    

Earnings Webcast Details

In conjunction with this release, TransUnion will host a conference call and webcast today at 8:30 a.m. Central Time to discuss the business results for the quarter and certain forward-looking information. This session and the accompanying presentation materials may be accessed at www.transunion.com/tru. A replay of the call will also be available at this website following the conclusion of the call.

About TransUnion (NYSE: TRU)

TransUnion is a global information and insights company with over 13,000 associates operating in more than 30 countries. We make trust possible by ensuring each person is reliably represented in the marketplace. We do this with a Tru™ picture of each person: an actionable view of consumers, stewarded with care. Through our acquisitions and technology investments we have developed innovative solutions that extend beyond our strong foundation in core credit into areas such as marketing, fraud, risk and advanced analytics. As a result, consumers and businesses can transact with confidence and achieve great things. We call this Information for Good^® — and it leads to economic opportunity, great experiences and personal empowerment for millions of people around the world.

http://www.transunion.com/business

Availability of Information on TransUnion’s Website

Investors and others should note that TransUnion routinely announces material information to investors and the marketplace using SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls, webcasts and the TransUnion Investor Relations website. While not all of the information that the Company posts to the TransUnion Investor Relations website is of a material nature, some information could be deemed to be material. Accordingly, the Company encourages investors, the media and others interested in TransUnion to review the information that it shares on www.transunion.com/tru.

Forward-Looking Statements

This earnings release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of TransUnion’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Any statements made in this earnings release that are not statements of historical fact, including statements about our beliefs, expectations and outlook are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future results of operations, including our guidance and descriptions of our business plans and strategies. These statements often include words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “guidance,” “suggest,” “plan,” “believe,” “intend,” “estimate,” “target,” “project,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “may,” “will,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “potential,” “continues,” “seeks,” “predicts,” or the negatives of these words and other similar expressions.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, or that could materially affect our financial results or such forward-looking statements include:

• macroeconomic effects and changes in market conditions, including the impact of tariffs, inflation, risk of recession, trade policy, and industry trends and adverse developments in the debt, consumer credit and financial services markets, including the impact on the carrying value of our assets in all of the markets where we operate;
• ongoing conflict in the Middle East;
• our ability to provide competitive services and prices;
• our ability to retain or renew existing agreements with large or long-term customers;
• our ability to maintain the security and integrity of our data;
• our ability to deliver services timely without interruption;
• uncertainty related to Fair Isaac Corporation’s (“FICO”) new Mortgage Direct License Program;
• our ability to maintain our access to data sources;
• government regulation and changes in the regulatory environment;
• litigation or regulatory proceedings;
• our approach to the use of artificial intelligence;
• our ability to effectively manage our costs;
• our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures;
• economic and political stability in the United States and risks associated with the international markets where we operate;
• our ability to effectively develop and maintain strategic alliances and joint ventures;
• our ability to timely develop new services and the market’s willingness to adopt our new services;
• our ability to manage and expand our operations and keep up with rapidly changing technologies;
• our ability to acquire businesses, successfully secure financing for our acquisitions, timely consummate our acquisitions, successfully integrate the operations of our acquisitions, control the costs of integrating our acquisitions and realize the intended benefits of such acquisitions;
• our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property, trade secrets and other forms of unpatented intellectual property;
• our ability to defend our intellectual property from infringement claims by third parties;
• the ability of our outside service providers and key vendors to fulfill their obligations to us;
• further consolidation in our end-customer markets;
• the increased availability of free or inexpensive consumer information;
• losses against which we do not insure;
• our ability to make timely payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness;
• our ability to satisfy covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness;
• our ability to maintain our liquidity;
• stock price volatility;
• share repurchase plans;
• dividend rate;
• our reliance on key management personnel; and
• changes in tax laws or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our tax returns.

There may be other factors, many of which are beyond our control, that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements, including factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, and any subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made in this report in the context of these risks and uncertainties.

The forward-looking statements contained in this earnings release speak only as of the date of this earnings release. We undertake no obligation to publicly release the result of any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this earnings release.

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

TRANSUNION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We present Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share, Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes, Adjusted Effective Tax Rate and Leverage Ratio for all periods presented. These are important financial measures for the Company but are not financial measures as defined by GAAP. These financial measures should be reviewed in conjunction with the relevant GAAP financial measures and are not presented as alternative measures of GAAP. Other companies in our industry may define or calculate these measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. Because of these limitations, these non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, including operating income, operating margin, effective tax rate, net income attributable to the Company, diluted earnings per share or cash provided by operating activities. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are presented in the tables below.

We present Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share, Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes and Adjusted Effective Tax Rate as supplemental measures of our operating performance because these measures eliminate the impact of certain items that we do not consider indicative of our cash operations and ongoing operating performance. These are measures frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of the operating performance of companies similar to ours.

Our board of directors and executive management team use Adjusted EBITDA as an incentive compensation measure for most eligible employees and Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share as an incentive compensation measure for certain of our senior executives.

Under the credit agreement governing our Senior Secured Credit Facility, our ability to engage in activities such as incurring additional indebtedness, making investments and paying dividends is tied to our Leverage Ratio which is partially based on Adjusted EBITDA. Investors also use our Leverage Ratio to assess our ability to service our debt and make other capital allocation decisions.

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA

Management has excluded the following items from net income attributable to TransUnion in order to calculate Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:

• Net interest expense is the sum of interest expense and interest income as reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Provision for income taxes, as reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Depreciation and amortization, as reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Stock-based compensation is used as an incentive to engage and retain our employees. It is predominantly a non-cash expense. We exclude stock-based compensation because it may not correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations during the period since it is measured at the grant date fair value and it is subject to variability as a result of performance conditions and timing of grants. These expenses are reported within cost of services and selling, general and administrative on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization expenses are non-recurring expenses associated with specific transactions (exploratory or executed) and consist of (i) transaction and integration costs, (ii) fair value and impairment adjustments related to investments and related call and put options, notes receivable, gains or losses on a step acquisition and mark-to-market adjustments on acquisition-related foreign currency forward contracts, (iii) post-acquisition adjustments to contingent consideration or to assets and liabilities that occurred after the acquisition measurement period. We exclude these expenses as we believe they are not directly correlated to the underlying performance of our business operations and vary depending upon the timing of such transactions. These expenses are reported in costs of services, selling, general and administrative and other income and (expenses), net, on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Accelerated technology investment includes Project Rise and the final phase of our technology investment announced in November 2023. Project Rise was announced in February 2020 and was originally expected to be completed in 2022. Following our acquisition of Neustar in December 2021, we recognized the opportunity to take advantage of Neustar’s capabilities to enhance and complement our cloud-based technology already under development as part of Project Rise. As a result, we extended Project Rise’s timeline to 2024. In November 2023, we announced our plans to further leverage Neustar’s technology to standardize and streamline our product delivery platforms and to build a single global platform for fulfillment of our product lines. This represented the final phase of the technology investment in our global technology infrastructure and core customer applications. The accelerated technology investment fundamentally transformed our technology infrastructure by implementing a global cloud-based approach to streamline product development, increase the efficiency of ongoing operations and maintenance and enable a continuous improvement approach to avoid the need for another major technology overhaul in the foreseeable future. The unique effort to build a secure, reliable and performant hybrid cloud infrastructure required us to dedicate separate resources in order to develop the new cloud-based infrastructure in parallel with our current on-premise environment by maintaining our existing technology team to ensure no disruptions to our customers. The costs associated with the accelerated technology investment are incremental and redundant costs that will not recur now that the program has been completed and are not representative of our underlying operating performance. Therefore, we believe that excluding these costs through the end of the program in 2025 from our non-GAAP measures provides a better reflection of our ongoing cost structure. These costs are primarily reported in cost of services and therefore do not include amounts that are capitalized as internally developed software.
• Operating model optimization program represents employee separation costs, facility lease exit costs and other business process optimization expenses incurred in connection with our transformation plan. We excluded these expenses through the end of the program in 2025 as we believe they are not directly correlated to the underlying performance of our business. Further, these costs will vary and may not be comparable during the transformation initiative as we progress toward an optimized operating model. These costs are reported primarily in restructuring and selling, general and administrative on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Net other adjustments principally relate to: (i) deferred loan fee expense from debt prepayments and refinancing, (ii) other debt financing expenses consisting primarily of revolving credit facility deferred financing fee amortization and commitment fees and expenses associated with ratings agencies and interest rate hedging, (iii) currency remeasurement on foreign operations, (iv) legal and regulatory expenses, net, and (v) other non-operating (income) and expense. We exclude these expenses as we believe they are not directly correlated to the underlying performance of our business and create variability between periods based on the nature and timing of the expense or income. These costs are reported in selling, general and administrative and in non-operating income and expense, net as applicable based on their nature on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin

Management defines Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA divided by total revenue as reported.

Adjusted Net Income

Management has excluded the following items from net income attributable to TransUnion in order to calculate Adjusted Net Income for the periods presented:

• Amortization of certain intangible assets presents non-cash amortization expenses related to assets that arose from our 2012 change in control transaction and business combinations occurring after our 2012 change in control. We exclude these expenses as we believe they are not directly correlated to the underlying performance of our business operations and vary dependent upon the timing of the transactions that give rise to these assets. Amortization of intangible assets is included in depreciation and amortization on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Stock-based compensation (see Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above)
• Mergers and acquisitions, divestiture and business optimization (see Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above)
• Accelerated technology investment (see Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above)
• Operating model optimization program (see Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above)
• Net other is consistent with the definition in Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above except that other debt financing expenses and certain other miscellaneous income and expense that are included in the adjustment to calculate Adjusted EBITDA are excluded in the adjustment made to calculate Adjusted Net Income.
• Total adjustments for income taxes relates to the cumulative adjustments discussed below for Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes. This adjustment is made for the reasons indicated in Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes below. Adjustments related to the provision for income taxes are included in the line item by this name on our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
  

Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share

Management defines Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share as Adjusted Net Income divided by the weighted-average diluted shares outstanding.

Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes

Management has excluded the following items from our provision for income taxes for the periods presented:

• Tax effect of above adjustments represents the income tax effect of the adjustments related to Adjusted Net Income described above. The tax rate applied to each adjustment is based on the nature of each line item. We include the tax effect of the adjustments made to Adjusted Net Income to provide a comprehensive view of our adjusted net income.
• Excess tax (benefit) expense for stock-based compensation is the permanent difference between expenses recognized for book purposes and expenses recognized for tax purposes, in each case related to stock-based compensation expense. We exclude this amount from the Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes in order to be consistent with the exclusion of stock-based compensation from the calculation of Adjusted Net Income.
• Other principally relates to (i) deferred tax adjustments, including rate changes, (ii) infrequent or unusual valuation allowance adjustments, (iii) return to provision, tax authority audit adjustments, and reserves related to prior periods, and (iv) other non-recurring items. We exclude these items because they create variability that impacts comparability between periods.
  

Adjusted Effective Tax Rate

Management defines Adjusted Effective Tax Rate as Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes divided by Adjusted income before income taxes. We calculate adjusted income before income taxes by excluding the pre-tax adjustments in the calculation of Adjusted Net Income discussed above and noncontrolling interest related to these pre-tax adjustments from income before income taxes.

Leverage Ratio

Management defines Leverage Ratio as net debt divided by Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA for the most recent twelve-month period including twelve months of Adjusted EBITDA from significant acquisitions. Net debt is defined as total debt less cash and cash equivalents as reported on the balance sheet as of the end of the period.

This earnings release presents constant currency growth rates assuming foreign currency exchange rates are consistent between years. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. This earnings release also presents organic constant currency growth rates, which assumes consistent foreign currency exchange rates between years and also eliminates the impact of our recent acquisitions. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and the impacts of recent acquisitions.

Free cash flow is defined as cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures and is a measure we may refer to.

Refer to Schedules 1 through 7 for a reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

1. Constant Currency (“CC”) growth rates assume foreign currency exchange rates are consistent between years. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

2. Organic CC growth rate is the CC growth rate less inorganic growth rate.

1. Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margins are calculated using segment gross revenue and segment Adjusted EBITDA. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated using total revenue as reported and consolidated Adjusted EBITDA.

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the tables above and footnotes below.

1. Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization consisted of the following adjustments:

For the six months ended June 30, 2026, fair value and impairment adjustments includes the gain on our acquisition of Trans Union de Mexico.

2. Represents expenses associated with our accelerated technology investment to migrate to the cloud. There are three components of the accelerated technology investment: (i) building foundational capabilities, which includes establishing a modern, API-based and services-oriented software architecture, (ii) the migration of each application and customer data to the new enterprise platform, including the redundant software costs during the migration period, as well as the efforts to decommission the legacy system, and (iii) program enablement, which includes dedicated resources to support the planning and execution of the program. The amounts for each category of cost are as follows:

3. Operating model optimization consisted of the following adjustments:

4. Net other consisted of the following adjustments:

5. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated by dividing Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA by total revenue.

Each component of earnings per share is calculated independently, therefore, rounding differences exist in the table above.

1. Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization consisted of the following adjustments:

For the six months ended June 30, 2026, fair value and impairment adjustments includes the gain on our acquisition of Trans Union de Mexico.

2. Represents expenses associated with our accelerated technology investment to migrate to the cloud. There are three components of the accelerated technology investment: (i) building foundational capabilities which includes establishing a modern, API-based and services-oriented software architecture, (ii) the migration of each application and customer data to the new enterprise platform, including the redundant software costs during the migration period, as well as the efforts to decommission the legacy system, and (iii) program enablement, which includes dedicated resources to support the planning and execution of the program. The amounts for each category of cost are as follows:

3. Operating model optimization consisted of the following adjustments:

4. Net other consisted of the following adjustments:

5. Total adjustments for income taxes represents the total of adjustments discussed to calculate the Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes.

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

1. Other adjustments for income taxes include:

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

1. Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization consisted of the following adjustments:

Fair value and impairment adjustments includes the gain on our acquisition of Trans Union de Mexico.

2. Represents expenses associated with our accelerated technology investment to migrate to the cloud. There are three components of the accelerated technology investment: (i) building foundational capabilities which includes establishing a modern, API-based and services-oriented software architecture, (ii) the migration of each application and customer data to the new enterprise platform, including the redundant software costs during the migration period, as well as the efforts to decommission the legacy system, and (iii) program enablement, which includes dedicated resources to support the planning and execution of the program. The amounts for each category of cost are as follows:

3. Operating model optimization consisted of the following adjustments:

4. Net other consisted of the following adjustments:

5. The trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2026 include Adjusted EBITDA related to Trans Union de Mexico and the mobile division of RealNetworks prior to our acquisitions in March 2026 and April 2026, respectively.

6. We define Leverage Ratio as net debt divided by Leverage Ratio Adjusted EBITDA as shown in the table above.

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

1. These adjustments include the same adjustments we make to our Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income as discussed in the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of our Earnings Release.

2. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated by dividing Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA by total revenue.

In this newly created role, Ruebensaal will lead TransUnion’s Corporate Marketing, Product Marketing and Corporate Affairs and Communications teams, all of which serve an important role in shaping and amplifying the TransUnion story across customers, consumers and a global workforce. He will report to TransUnion President and CEO, Chris Cartwright, and serve on the executive leadership team. 

“As we embark on our next chapter, how we bring the TransUnion story to market matters,” said Cartwright. “Clayton brings proven experience transforming global brands and driving results, and I’m confident he will strengthen how we communicate our value and elevate the impact of our products and technology.”  

Ruebensaal joins TU with deep experience leading large-scale teams across financial services, media, hospitality and advertising and has successfully repositioned global brands, integrated data-driven marketing systems and delivered measurable business outcomes in B2C and B2B businesses. Most recently at Comcast, he oversaw marketing, brand, media and performance marketing for the $81 billion consumer business. Prior to Comcast, he served as Chief Marketing Officer for Global B2B Marketing and Chief Brand Officer at American Express, and Vice President, Global Marketing at The Ritz-Carlton. He earned a B.A. from Butler University. 

“Data has become the lifeblood of business. TransUnion’s commitment to deliver trusted data positions us well for the next era of growth,” said Ruebensaal. “I’m excited to join the team and help tell our story in a way that deepens our impact around the world.”  

About TransUnion (NYSE: TRU) 

TransUnion is a global information and insights company with over 13,000 associates operating in more than 30 countries. We make trust possible by ensuring each person is reliably represented in the marketplace. We do this with a Tru™ picture of each person: an actionable view of consumers, stewarded with care. Through our acquisitions and technology investments we have developed innovative solutions that extend beyond our strong foundation in core credit into areas such as marketing, fraud, risk and advanced analytics. As a result, consumers and businesses can transact with confidence and achieve great things. We call this Information for Good® — and it leads to economic opportunity, great experiences and personal empowerment for millions of people around the world.  

http://www.transunion.com/business 

The youngest generations are leading the way in optimism with nearly seven in 10 (68%) Gen Z consumers and 63% of Millennials optimistic about their future finances. Baby Boomers remain the most pessimistic generation at 28%, though they also experienced the greatest YoY drop from 36% in Q2 2025.

“Affordability has become the defining issue shaping consumer finances today, yet consumers remain remarkably resilient,” said Charlie Wise, head of global research and consulting at TransUnion. “Against a backdrop of ongoing pressure from inflation and higher everyday expenses such as filling up their gas tanks or dining out, consumers remain optimistic about their future finances and are less pessimistic than a year ago. Steady, low unemployment is supporting that confidence, even as wage gains are partially offset by higher prices.”

Pessimism Levels Drop Across All Generations While Optimism Remains Flat

Affordability Angst Hits Gen X the Hardest as Inflation Remains Top Concern

Even as a majority of consumers remain optimistic about future finances, inflation continues to be the dominant pressure on household finances. More than eight in 10 (83%) consumers ranked it among their top three household financial concerns, up two percentage points from a year ago. Recession fears ranked second at 51%, followed by interest rates and housing prices (rent or mortgage), which were both at 42%. While all generations cited inflation as a top concern, Gen X and Baby Boomers reported higher levels of concern than younger consumers.

Elevated inflation continues to shape consumer concerns. Across 13 spending categories, 80% of consumers ranked grocery prices as the top concern when it came to price increases, down slightly from 81% a year ago. Concern about gas price increases shows the greatest rise, up to 71% from 37% in Q1 2026 and 49% a year earlier.

Consumers also report declining affordability across key spending categories. When asked to rate spend categories by most to least affordable, they cited gas (54%), travel-related purchases (48%) and dining out (45%) as the least affordable. Gen X consumers feel this pressure most acutely. Over the past three months, Gen X chose unaffordable more than any generation for every single purchase type. Interestingly, younger generations – Gen Z and Millennials – generally reported higher levels of affordability for most spend categories relative to older generations – Gen X and Baby Boomers.

In light of their higher affordability concerns, it is not surprising that just 63% of Gen X said their household finances were as planned or better at this point in the year, compared to 74% for Gen Z and 71% of Millennials. “Several factors likely contribute to Gen X affordability angst, particularly the ‘sandwich generation’ dynamic of supporting children while caring for aging parents, which may put greater strain on their household budgets,” added Wise.

Appetite for New Credit Mostly Wanes

While nearly all consumers believe access to credit is important to achieve their financial goals, fewer (28%) plan to apply for new or refinance existing credit compared to Q2 2025 (33%). This decline spans all generations but is most pronounced with Gen Z and Millennials, whose plans for credit both dropped five percentage points from a year ago.

Despite this pullback, younger consumers still show the highest levels of intent. Gen Z and Millennials each report that 45% plan to apply for credit, significantly higher levels than Gen X and Baby Boomers. Meanwhile, among consumers who do plan to apply for credit, Gen X stands out with 65% saying they intend to apply for a new credit card, seven percentage points higher than the overall population.

Interest rate concerns continue to shape credit behavior. Among consumers who rank interest rates as a top three household financial concern, 31% plan to apply for or refinance credit in the next year, compared to 27% of all other consumers, which may indicate that consumers with interest rate concerns are looking for refinance opportunities if interest rates drop.

“While consumers report less interest in applying for or refinancing credit, our proprietary data shows demand remains healthy. At the same time, consumers often take on more credit during periods of economic pressure as a safeguard against potential shocks such as job loss. Encouragingly, many still report optimism about their financial outlook,” Wise concluded.

For more information about the Consumer Pulse study, please click here. Lenders interested in learning how affordability pressures are reshaping consumer payments and how to translate behavioral data into actionable strategies can read more at the following blog.

About TransUnion (NYSE: TRU)

TransUnion is a global information and insights company with over 13,000 associates operating in more than 30 countries. We make trust possible by ensuring each person is reliably represented in the marketplace. We do this with a Tru™ picture of each person: an actionable view of consumers, stewarded with care. Through our acquisitions and technology investments we have developed innovative solutions that extend beyond our strong foundation in core credit into areas such as marketing, fraud, risk and advanced analytics. As a result, consumers and businesses can transact with confidence and achieve great things. We call this Information for Good^® — and it leads to economic opportunity, great experiences and personal empowerment for millions of people around the world.

http://www.transunion.com/business

On Wednesday, May 27, 2026, Chris Cartwright, President and CEO, will present at the Bernstein 42^nd Annual Strategic Decisions Conference in New York. The presentation is scheduled to begin at 9:00 a.m. CT (10:00 a.m. ET).

On Tuesday, June 2, 2026, Todd Cello, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, will present at the Baird Global Consumer, Technology & Services Conference in New York. The presentation is scheduled to begin at 8:05 a.m. CT (9:05 a.m. ET).

On Wednesday, June 3, 2026, Todd Cello, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, will present at the William Blair 46^th Annual Growth Stock Conference in Chicago. The presentation is scheduled to begin at 12:00 p.m. CT (1:00 p.m. ET).

A live webcast of the presentations will be made available on the TransUnion Investor Relations website at http://www.transunion.com/tru. A replay will also be available on the company’s website following the conclusion of the presentation.

About TransUnion (NYSE: TRU)

TransUnion is a global information and insights company with over 13,000 associates operating in more than 30 countries. We make trust possible by ensuring each person is reliably represented in the marketplace. We do this with a Tru™ picture of each person: an actionable view of consumers, stewarded with care. Through our acquisitions and technology investments we have developed innovative solutions that extend beyond our strong foundation in core credit into areas such as marketing, fraud, risk and advanced analytics. As a result, consumers and businesses can transact with confidence and achieve great things. We call this Information for Good® — and it leads to economic opportunity, great experiences and personal empowerment for millions of people around the world.

http://www.transunion.com/business

First Quarter 2026 Results

Revenue:

• Total revenue for the quarter was $1,246 million, an increase of 14 percent (13 percent on a constant currency basis and 11 percent on an organic constant currency basis), compared with the first quarter of 2025.

Earnings:

• Net income attributable to TransUnion was $397 million for the quarter, compared with $148 million for the first quarter of 2025 primarily due to a $225 million gain on our previously held equity interest in Trans Union de México, S.A., S.I.C. (“Trans Union de Mexico”), partially offset by a $56 million reduction of an accrual for a lawsuit that was dismissed in the first quarter of 2025. Diluted earnings per share was $2.04, compared with $0.75 in the first quarter of 2025. Net income attributable to TransUnion margin was 31.9 percent, compared with 13.5 percent in the first quarter of 2025.
• Adjusted Net Income was $230 million for the quarter, compared with $208 million for the first quarter of 2025. Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share was $1.18, compared with $1.05 in the first quarter of 2025.
• Adjusted EBITDA was $438 million for the quarter, compared with $397 million for the first quarter of 2025, an increase of 10 percent (9 percent on a constant currency basis and 7 percent on an organic constant currency basis). Adjusted EBITDA margin was 35.2 percent, compared with 36.2 percent in the first quarter of 2025.
   

“In the first quarter, TransUnion delivered another strong quarter of outperformance,” said Chris Cartwright, President and CEO. “U.S. Markets revenue grew by 14 percent, led by U.S. Financial Services and Insurance. International was flat on an organic constant currency basis, with high-single digit growth in Canada and the U.K. and 10 percent growth in Africa.”

“We are raising our 2026 guidance primarily to reflect the completed acquisition of majority ownership in Trans Union de Mexico. Our guidance balances outperformance in the first quarter and healthy underlying trends against market uncertainty and prudent guidance conservatism.”

“As laid out during our Investor Day, we have entered a period of innovation-led and scalable growth, increasing cash generation, and accretive capital deployment. Over the course of the year, we expect strong free cash flow to enable debt prepayments and greater return of capital to shareholders.”

First Quarter 2026 Segment Results

Segment revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and the related growth rates in the table below include the results of Trans Union de Mexico beginning on the date we acquired the majority interest. The results of this business are reported in the International Segment within Latin America.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and cash equivalents was $733 million at March 31, 2026 and $854 million at December 31, 2025.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, cash provided by operating activities was $84 million, compared with $53 million in 2025. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was due primarily to improved operating performance, partially offset by changes in working capital. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, cash used in investing activities was $587 million, compared with $87 million in 2025. The increase in cash used in investing activities was due primarily to our acquisition of Trans Union de Mexico, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of two Cost Method Investments and a prior year investment in a note receivable. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, capital expenditures were $65 million, compared with $68 million in 2025. Capital expenditures as a percentage of revenue represented 5% and 6%, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, cash provided by financing activities was $401 million, compared with cash used in financing activities of $41 million in 2025. The increase in cash provided by financing activities was due primarily to borrowings from the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility for the purchase of Trans Union de Mexico, partially offset by dividends paid to shareholders of Trans Union de Mexico.

Second Quarter and Full Year 2026 Outlook

Our guidance is based on a number of assumptions that are subject to change, many of which are outside of the control of the Company, including general macroeconomic conditions, interest rates and inflation. There are numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict. There can be no assurance that the Company will achieve the results expressed by this guidance.

1. Additional revenue growth assumptions:
   1. The impact of changing foreign currency exchange rates is expected to be immaterial for Q2 2026 and for FY 2026.
   2. The impact of the recent acquisitions is expected to be approximately 4 points of benefit for Q2 2026 and approximately 3.5 points of benefit for FY 2026.
   3. The impact of FICO mortgage royalty is expected to be approximately 3 points of benefit for Q2 2026 and approximately 3 points of benefit for FY 2026.
2. Constant currency growth rates assume foreign currency exchange rates are consistent between years. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
3. Organic constant currency growth rates are constant currency growth excluding inorganic growth. Inorganic growth represents growth attributable to the first twelve months of activity for recent business acquisitions, including Trans Union de Mexico, the mobile division of RealNetworks LLC and Monevo.
4. Additional Adjusted EBITDA assumptions:
   1. The impact of changing foreign currency exchange rates is expected to be immaterial for Q2 2026 and for FY 2026.
5. For a reconciliation of the above non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, refer to Schedule 7 of this Earnings Release.
   
    

Earnings Webcast Details

In conjunction with this release, TransUnion will host a conference call and webcast today at 8:30 a.m. Central Time to discuss the business results for the quarter and certain forward-looking information. This session and the accompanying presentation materials may be accessed at www.transunion.com/tru. A replay of the call will also be available at this website following the conclusion of the call.

About TransUnion (NYSE: TRU)

TransUnion is a global information and insights company with over 13,000 associates operating in more than 30 countries. We make trust possible by ensuring each person is reliably represented in the marketplace. We do this with a Tru™ picture of each person: an actionable view of consumers, stewarded with care. Through our acquisitions and technology investments we have developed innovative solutions that extend beyond our strong foundation in core credit into areas such as marketing, fraud, risk and advanced analytics. As a result, consumers and businesses can transact with confidence and achieve great things. We call this Information for Good^® — and it leads to economic opportunity, great experiences and personal empowerment for millions of people around the world.

http://www.transunion.com/business

Availability of Information on TransUnion’s Website

Investors and others should note that TransUnion routinely announces material information to investors and the marketplace using SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls, webcasts and the TransUnion Investor Relations website. While not all of the information that the Company posts to the TransUnion Investor Relations website is of a material nature, some information could be deemed to be material. Accordingly, the Company encourages investors, the media and others interested in TransUnion to review the information that it shares on www.transunion.com/tru.

Forward-Looking Statements

This earnings release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of TransUnion’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Any statements made in this earnings release that are not statements of historical fact, including statements about our beliefs, expectations and outlook are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future results of operations, including our guidance and descriptions of our business plans and strategies. These statements often include words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “guidance,” “suggest,” “plan,” “believe,” “intend,” “estimate,” “target,” “project,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “may,” “will,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “potential,” “continues,” “seeks,” “predicts,” or the negatives of these words and other similar expressions.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, or that could materially affect our financial results or such forward-looking statements include:

• macroeconomic effects and changes in market conditions, including the impact of tariffs, inflation, risk of recession, trade policy, and industry trends and adverse developments in the debt, consumer credit and financial services markets, including the impact on the carrying value of our assets in all of the markets where we operate;
• ongoing conflict in the Middle East;
• our ability to provide competitive services and prices;
• our ability to retain or renew existing agreements with large or long-term customers;
• our ability to maintain the security and integrity of our data;
• our ability to deliver services timely without interruption;
• uncertainty related to Fair Isaac Corporation’s (“FICO”) new Mortgage Direct License Program;
• our ability to maintain our access to data sources;
• government regulation and changes in the regulatory environment;
• litigation or regulatory proceedings;
• our approach to the use of artificial intelligence;
• our ability to effectively manage our costs;
• our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures;
• economic and political stability in the United States and risks associated with the international markets where we operate;
• our ability to effectively develop and maintain strategic alliances and joint ventures;
• our ability to timely develop new services and the market’s willingness to adopt our new services;
• our ability to manage and expand our operations and keep up with rapidly changing technologies;
• our ability to acquire businesses, successfully secure financing for our acquisitions, timely consummate our acquisitions, successfully integrate the operations of our acquisitions, control the costs of integrating our acquisitions and realize the intended benefits of such acquisitions;
• our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property, trade secrets and other forms of unpatented intellectual property;
• our ability to defend our intellectual property from infringement claims by third parties;
• the ability of our outside service providers and key vendors to fulfill their obligations to us;
• further consolidation in our end-customer markets;
• the increased availability of free or inexpensive consumer information;
• losses against which we do not insure;
• our ability to make timely payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness;
• our ability to satisfy covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness;
• our ability to maintain our liquidity;
• stock price volatility;
• share repurchase plans;
• dividend rate;
• our reliance on key management personnel; and
• changes in tax laws or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our tax returns.
   

There may be other factors, many of which are beyond our control, that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements, including factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, and any subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made in this report in the context of these risks and uncertainties.

The forward-looking statements contained in this earnings release speak only as of the date of this earnings release. We undertake no obligation to publicly release the result of any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this earnings release.

For More Information

Greg Bardi, Investor Relations

TransUnion

Email: gregory.bardi@transunion.com

Telephone: 312.985.2860

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

As a result of displaying amounts in millions, rounding differences may exist in the table above.

TRANSUNION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We present Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share, Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes, Adjusted Effective Tax Rate and Leverage Ratio for all periods presented. These are important financial measures for the Company but are not financial measures as defined by GAAP. These financial measures should be reviewed in conjunction with the relevant GAAP financial measures and are not presented as alternative measures of GAAP. Other companies in our industry may define or calculate these measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. Because of these limitations, these non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, including operating income, operating margin, effective tax rate, net income attributable to the Company, diluted earnings per share or cash provided by operating activities. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures are presented in the tables below.

We present Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share, Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes and Adjusted Effective Tax Rate as supplemental measures of our operating performance because these measures eliminate the impact of certain items that we do not consider indicative of our cash operations and ongoing operating performance. These are measures frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of the operating performance of companies similar to ours.

Our board of directors and executive management team use Adjusted EBITDA as an incentive compensation measure for most eligible employees and Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share as an incentive compensation measure for certain of our senior executives.

Under the credit agreement governing our Senior Secured Credit Facility, our ability to engage in activities such as incurring additional indebtedness, making investments and paying dividends is tied to our Leverage Ratio which is partially based on Adjusted EBITDA. Investors also use our Leverage Ratio to assess our ability to service our debt and make other capital allocation decisions.

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA

Management has excluded the following items from net income attributable to TransUnion in order to calculate Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented:

• Net interest expense is the sum of interest expense and interest income as reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Provision for income taxes, as reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Depreciation and amortization, as reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Stock-based compensation is used as an incentive to engage and retain our employees. It is predominantly a non-cash expense. We exclude stock-based compensation because it may not correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations during the period since it is measured at the grant date fair value and it is subject to variability as a result of performance conditions and timing of grants. These expenses are reported within cost of services and selling, general and administrative on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and business optimization expenses are non-recurring expenses associated with specific transactions (exploratory or executed) and consist of (i) transaction and integration costs, (ii) fair value and impairment adjustments related to investments and related call and put options, notes receivable, gains or losses on a step acquisition and mark-to-market adjustments on acquisition-related foreign currency forward contracts, (iii) post-acquisition adjustments to contingent consideration or to assets and liabilities that occurred after the acquisition measurement period. We exclude these expenses as we believe they are not directly correlated to the underlying performance of our business operations and vary depending upon the timing of such transactions. These expenses are reported in costs of services, selling, general and administrative and other income and (expenses), net, on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Accelerated technology investment includes Project Rise and the final phase of our technology investment announced in November 2023. Project Rise was announced in February 2020 and was originally expected to be completed in 2022. Following our acquisition of Neustar in December 2021, we recognized the opportunity to take advantage of Neustar’s capabilities to enhance and complement our cloud-based technology already under development as part of Project Rise. As a result, we extended Project Rise’s timeline to 2024. In November 2023, we announced our plans to further leverage Neustar’s technology to standardize and streamline our product delivery platforms and to build a single global platform for fulfillment of our product lines. This represented the final phase of the technology investment in our global technology infrastructure and core customer applications. The accelerated technology investment fundamentally transformed our technology infrastructure by implementing a global cloud-based approach to streamline product development, increase the efficiency of ongoing operations and maintenance and enable a continuous improvement approach to avoid the need for another major technology overhaul in the foreseeable future. The unique effort to build a secure, reliable and performant hybrid cloud infrastructure required us to dedicate separate resources in order to develop the new cloud-based infrastructure in parallel with our current on-premise environment by maintaining our existing technology team to ensure no disruptions to our customers. The costs associated with the accelerated technology investment are incremental and redundant costs that will not recur now that the program has been completed and are not representative of our underlying operating performance. Therefore, we believe that excluding these costs through the end of the program in 2025 from our non-GAAP measures provides a better reflection of our ongoing cost structure. These costs are primarily reported in cost of services and therefore do not include amounts that are capitalized as internally developed software.
• Operating model optimization program represents employee separation costs, facility lease exit costs and other business process optimization expenses incurred in connection with our transformation plan. We excluded these expenses through the end of the program in 2025 as we believe they are not directly correlated to the underlying performance of our business. Further, these costs will vary and may not be comparable during the transformation initiative as we progress toward an optimized operating model. These costs are reported primarily in restructuring and selling, general and administrative on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Net other adjustments principally relate to: (i) deferred loan fee expense from debt prepayments and refinancing, (ii) other debt financing expenses consisting primarily of revolving credit facility deferred financing fee amortization and commitment fees and expenses associated with ratings agencies and interest rate hedging, (iii) currency remeasurement on foreign operations, (iv) legal and regulatory expenses, net, and (v) other non-operating (income) and expense. We exclude these expenses as we believe they are not directly correlated to the underlying performance of our business and create variability between periods based on the nature and timing of the expense or income. These costs are reported in selling, general and administrative and in non-operating income and expense, net as applicable based on their nature on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
  
   

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin

Management defines Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA divided by total revenue as reported.

Adjusted Net Income

Management has excluded the following items from net income attributable to TransUnion in order to calculate Adjusted Net Income for the periods presented:

• Amortization of certain intangible assets presents non-cash amortization expenses related to assets that arose from our 2012 change in control transaction and business combinations occurring after our 2012 change in control. We exclude these expenses as we believe they are not directly correlated to the underlying performance of our business operations and vary dependent upon the timing of the transactions that give rise to these assets. Amortization of intangible assets is included in depreciation and amortization on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
• Stock-based compensation (see Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above)
• Mergers and acquisitions, divestiture and business optimization (see Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above)
• Accelerated technology investment (see Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above)
• Operating model optimization program (see Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above)
• Net other is consistent with the definition in Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA above except that other debt financing expenses and certain other miscellaneous income and expense that are included in the adjustment to calculate Adjusted EBITDA are excluded in the adjustment made to calculate Adjusted Net Income.
• Total adjustments for income taxes relates to the cumulative adjustments discussed below for Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes. This adjustment is made for the reasons indicated in Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes below. Adjustments related to the provision for income taxes are included in the line item by this name on our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
  
   

Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share

Management defines Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share as Adjusted Net Income divided by the weighted-average diluted shares outstanding.

Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes

Management has excluded the following items from our provision for income taxes for the periods presented:

• Tax effect of above adjustments represents the income tax effect of the adjustments related to Adjusted Net Income described above. The tax rate applied to each adjustment is based on the nature of each line item. We include the tax effect of the adjustments made to Adjusted Net Income to provide a comprehensive view of our adjusted net income.
• Excess tax (benefit) expense for stock-based compensation is the permanent difference between expenses recognized for book purposes and expenses recognized for tax purposes, in each case related to stock-based compensation expense. We exclude this amount from the Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes in order to be consistent with the exclusion of stock-based compensation from the calculation of Adjusted Net Income.
• Other principally relates to (i) deferred tax adjustments, including rate changes, (ii) infrequent or unusual valuation allowance adjustments, (iii) return to provision, tax authority audit adjustments, and reserves related to prior periods, and (iv) other non-recurring items. We exclude these items because they create variability that impacts comparability between periods.
  
   

Adjusted Effective Tax Rate

Management defines Adjusted Effective Tax Rate as Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes divided by Adjusted income before income taxes. We calculate adjusted income before income taxes by excluding the pre-tax adjustments in the calculation of Adjusted Net Income discussed above and noncontrolling interest related to these pre-tax adjustments from income before income taxes.

Leverage Ratio

Management defines Leverage Ratio as net debt divided by Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA for the most recent twelve-month period including twelve months of Adjusted EBITDA from significant acquisitions. Net debt is defined as total debt less cash and cash equivalents as reported on the balance sheet as of the end of the period.

This earnings release presents constant currency growth rates assuming foreign currency exchange rates are consistent between years. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. This earnings release also presents organic constant currency growth rates, which assumes consistent foreign currency exchange rates between years and also eliminates the impact of our recent acquisitions. This allows financial results to be evaluated without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and the impacts of recent acquisitions.

Free cash flow is defined as cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures and is a measure we may refer to.

Refer to Schedules 1 through 7 for a reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.